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全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于批准《制止危及海上航行安全非法行为公约》及《制止危及大陆架固定平台安全非法行为议定书》的决定

第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十次会议决定：批准中华人民共和国代表冀朝铸于1988年10月25日签署的《制止危及海上航行安全非法行为公约》及《制止危及大陆架固定平台安全非法行为议定书》，同时声明不受《制止危及海上航行安全非法行为公约》第十六条第一款的约束。

1988年制止危及大陆架固定平台安全非法行为议定书(附英文)

简介：

本议定书于１９８８年３月１０日在罗马通过，１９９２年３月１日生效。参加本议定书的国家有：澳大利亚、中国、法国、德国、匈牙利、意大利、挪威、阿曼、波兰、塞舌尔、西班牙、瑞典、特立尼达和多巴哥、英国等。我国于１９９１年８月２０日加入本议定书，本议定书于１９９２年３月１日对我国生效。

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本议定书各缔约国，

作为《制止危及海上航行安全非法行为公约》的缔约国，

认识到制订该公约的理由同样也适用于大陆架固定平台，

考虑到该公约的规定，

确认本议定书未规定的事项仍应按照一般国际法的规则和原则处理，

协议如下：

第１条

１．《制止危及海上航行安全非法行为公约》（以下称公约）的第５条和第７条及第１０条至第１６条的规定在作必要的修改后应同样适用于本议定书第２条所述的在大陆架固定平台上或针对大陆架固定平台所犯的罪行。

２．在按照第１款本议定书不适用的情况下，如果罪犯或被指称的罪犯在固定平台位于其内水或领海内的国家以外的另一缔约国领土内被发现，本议定书仍然适用。

３．就本议定书而言，“固定平台”系指用于资源的勘探或开发或用于其它经济目的的永久依附于海床的人工岛屿、设施或结构。

第２条

１．任何人如非法并故意从事下列活动，则构成犯罪：

（ａ）以武力或武力威胁或任何其它恐吓形式夺取或控制固定平台；或

（ｂ）对固定平台上的人员施用暴力，而该行为有可能危及固定平台的安全；或

（ｃ）毁坏固定平台或对固定平台造成可能危及其安全的损坏；或

（ｄ）以任何手段将可能毁坏固定平台或危及其安全的装置或物质放置或使之放置于固定平台上；或

（ｅ）因从事（ａ）项至（ｄ）项所述的任何罪行或从事该类罪行未遂而伤害或杀害任何人。

２．任何人如从事下列活动，亦构成犯罪：

（ａ）从事第１款所述的任何罪行未遂；或

（ｂ）唆使任何人从事任何该类罪行或是从事该类罪行者的同谋；或

（ｃ）无论国内法对威胁是否规定了条件，以从事第１款（ｂ）项和（ｃ）项所述的任何罪行相威胁，旨在迫使某自然人或法人从事或不从事某种行为，而该威胁有可能危及该固定平台的安全。

第３条

１．在下列情况下，每一缔约国应采取必要措施，确定其对第２条所述罪行的管辖权：

（ａ）罪行系针对位于其大陆架上的固定平台或罪行发生于该固定平台上；或

（ｂ）罪行由其国民所犯。

２．在下列情况下，缔约国亦可以对任何此种罪行确定管辖权：

（ａ）罪行系由惯常居所在其国内的无国籍人所犯；或

（ｂ）在案发过程中，其国民被扣押、威胁、伤害或杀害；或

（ｃ）犯罪的意图是迫使该国从事或不从事某种行为。

３．任何缔约国，在确定了第２款所述的管辖权后，应通知国际海事组织秘书长（以下称秘书长）。如该缔约国以后撤消该管辖权，也应通知秘书长。

４．如被指称的罪犯出现在某缔约国领土内，而该缔约国又不将他引渡给根据本条第１款和第２款确定了管辖权的任何国家＊，该缔约国应采取必要措施，确定其对第２条所述罪行的管辖权。

＊英文版本中为“缔约国”（ＳｔａｔｅｓＰａｒｔｉｅｓ）

５．本议定书不排除按照国内法所行使的任何刑事管辖权。

第４条

本议定书的任何规定不应以任何方式影响有关大陆架固定平台的国际法规则。

第５条

１．本议定书于１９８８年３月１０日在罗马并自１９８８年３月１４日至１９８９年３月９日在国际海事组织（以下称本组织）总部向任何已签署了公约的国家开放供签字。此后继续开放供加入。

２．各国可按下列方式表示同意受本议定书的约束：

（ａ）签字并对批准、接受或核准无保留；或

（ｂ）签字而有待批准、接受或核准，随后再予批准、接受或核准；或

（ｃ）加入。

３．批准、接受、核准或加入应向秘书长交存一份相应的文件。

４．只有对该公约签字并对批准、接受或核准无保留的国家或已批准、接受、核准或加入公约的国家可以成为本议定书的缔约国。

第６条

１．本议定书在三个国家签字并对批准、接受或核准无保留或已交存了有关批准、接受、核准或加入书之日后九十天生效。但本议定书不得在公约生效之前生效。

２．对于在本议定书生效条件满足后交存有关批准、接受、核准或加入书的国家，其批准、接受、核准或加入应在交存之日后九十天生效。

第７条

１．任何缔约国在本议定书对其生效之日起一年后，可随时退出本议定书。

２．退出应向秘书长交存一份退出文件方为有效。

３．退出本议定书，应在秘书长收到退出文件一年之后，或在退出文件载明的较此更长的期限届满后生效。

４．缔约国退出公约应被视为也退出本议定书。

第８条

１．本组织可召开修订或修正本议定书的会议。

２．经三分之一或五个缔约国的要求，以数大者为准，秘书长应召集修订或修正本议定书的缔约国会议。

３．在本议定书的修正案生效之日后交存的有关批准、接受、核准或加入的任何文件应被视为适用于经修正的议定书。

第９条

１．本议定书由秘书长保存。

２．秘书长应：

（ａ）将下列事项通知所有已签署或加入了本议定书的国家以及本组织的所有会员国：

（ｉ）每一新的签署或每一新的批准、接受、核准或加入书的交存及其日期；

（ｉｉ）本议定书的生效日期；

（ｉｉｉ）任何退出本议定书的文件的交存及收到日期和退出生效日期；

（ｉｖ）收到根据本议定书或公约的规定作出与本议定书有关的任何声明或通知；

（ｂ）将本议定书核证无误的副本分发给所有签署或加入了本议定书的国家。

３．本议定书一经生效，其保存人应按照《联合国宪章》第１０２条的规定，将本议定书的核证无误的副本一份送交联合国秘书长，供登记和公布。

第１０条

本议定书正本一份，用阿拉伯文、中文、英文、法文、俄文和西班牙文写成，各种文本具有同等效力。

下列署名者，经各自政府正式授权，特签署本议定书，以昭信守。

一九八八年三月十日订于罗马。

PROTOCOL FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF UNLAWFUL ACTS AGAINST THE SAFETYOFFIXED PLATFORMS LOCATED ON THE CONTINENTAL SHELF, 1988

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THE STATES PARTIES TO THIS PROTOCOL,

BEING PARTIES to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts

against the Safety of Maritime Navigation,

RECOGNIZING that the reasons for which the Convention was elaborated

also apply to fixed platforms located on the continental shelf,

TAKING ACCOUNT of the provisions of that Convention,

AFFIRMING that matters not regulated by this Protocol continue to be

governed by the rules and principles of general international law,

HAVE AGREED as follows:

Article 1

1. The provisions of Articles 5 and 7 and of Articles 10 to 16 of the

Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of

Maritime Navigation (hereinafter referred to as "the Convention") shall

also apply mutatis mutandis to the offences set forth in Article 2 of this

Protocol where such offences are committed on board or against fixed

platforms located on the continental shelf.

2. In cases where this Protocol does not apply pursuant to paragraph

1, it nevertheless applies when the offender or the alleged offender is

found in the territory of a State Party other than the State in whose

internal waters or territorial sea the fixed platform is located.

3. For the purposes of this Protocol, "fixed platform" means an

artificial island, installation or structure permanently attached to the

sea-bed for the purpose of exploration or exploitation of resources or for

other economic purposes.

Article 2

1. Any person commits an offence if that person unlawfully and

intentionally:

(a) seizes or exercises control over a fixed platform by force or

threat thereof or any other form of intimidation; or

(b) performs an act of violence against a person on board a fixed

platform if that act is likely to endanger its safety; or

likely to endanger its safety; or

(d) places or causes to be placed on a fixed platform, by any

means whatsoever, a device or substance which is likely to destroy that

fixed platform or likely to endanger its safety; or

(e) injures or kills any person in connection with the commission

or the attempted commission of any of the offences set forth in

subparagraphs (a) to (d).

2. Any person commits an offence if that person:

(a) attempts to commit any of the offences set forth in paragraph

1; or

(b) abets the commission of any such offences perpetrated by any

person or is otherwise an accomplice of a person who commits such an

offence; or

under national law, aimed at compelling a physical or juridical person to

do or refrain from doing any act, to commit any of the offences set forth

in paragraph 1, subparagraphs (b) and (c), if that threat is likely to

endanger the safety of the fixed platform.

Article 3

1. Each State Party shall take such measures as may be necessary to

establish its jurisdiction over the offences set forth in Article 2 when

the offence is committed:

(a) against or on board a fixed platform while it is located on

the continental shelf of that State; or

(b) by a national of that State.

2. A State Party may also establish its jurisdiction over any such

offence when:

(a) it is committed by a stateless person whose habitual residence

is in that State;

(b) during its commission a national of that State is seized,

threatened, injured or killed; or

abstain from doing any act.

3. Any State Party which has established jurisdiction mentioned in

paragraph 2 shall notify the Secretary-General of the International

Maritime Organization (hereinafter referred to as "the

Secretary-General"). If such State Party subsequently rescinds that

jurisdiction, it shall notify the Secretary-General.

4. Each State Party shall take such measures as may be necessary to

establish its jurisdiction over the offences set forth in Article 2 in

cases where the alleged offender is present in its territory and it does

not extradite him to any of the States Parties which have established

their jurisdiction in accordance with paragraph 1 and 2 of this Article.

5. This Protocol does not exclude any criminal jurisdiction exercised

in accordance with national law.

Article 4

Nothing in this Protocol shall affect in any way the rules of

international law pertaining to fixed platforms located on the continental

shelf.

Article 5

1. This Protocol shall be open for signature at Rome on 10 March 1988

and at the Headquarters of the International Maritime Organization

(hereinafter referred to as "the Organization") from 14 March 1988 by any

State which has signed the Convention. It shall thereafter remain open for

accession.

2. States may express their consent to be bound by this Protocol by:

(a) signature without reservation as to ratification, acceptance

or approval; or

(b) signature subject to ratification, acceptance or approval,

followed by ratification, acceptance or approval; or

3. Ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be effected

by the deposit of an instrument to that effect with the Secretary-General.

4. Only a State which has signed the Convention without reservation as

to ratification, acceptance or approval, or has ratified, accepted,

approved or acceded to the Convention may become a Party to this Protocol.

Article 6

1. This Protocol shall enter into force ninety days following the date

on which three States have either signed it without reservation as to

ratification, acceptance or approval, or have deposited an instrument of

ratification, acceptance, approval or accession in respect thereof.

However, this Protocol shall not enter into force before the Convention

has entered into force.

2. For a State which deposits an instrument of ratification,

acceptance, approval or accession in respect of this Protocol after the

conditions for entry into force thereof have been met, the ratification,

acceptance, approval or accession shall take effect ninety days after the

date of such deposit.

Article 7

1. This Protocol may be denounced by any State Party at any time after

the expiry of one year from the date on which this Protocol enters into

force for that State.

2. Denunciation shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of

denunciation with the Secretary-General.

3. A denunciation shall take effect one year, or such longer period as

may be specified in the instrument of denunciation, after the receipt of

the instrument of denunciation by the Secretary-General.

4. A denunciation of the Convention by a State Party shall be deemed

to be a denunciation of this Protocol by that Party.

Article 8

1. A conference for the purpose of revising or amending this Protocol

may be convened by the Organization.

2. The Secretary-General shall convene a conference of the States

Parties to this Protocol for revising or amending the Protocol, at the

request of one third of the States Parties, or five States Parties,

whichever is the higher figure.

3. Any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession

deposited after the date of entry into force of an amendment to this

Protocol shall be deemed to apply to the Protocol as amended.

Article 9

1. This Protocol shall be deposited with the Secretary-General.

2. The Secretary-General shall:

(a) inform all States which have signed this Protocol or acceded

thereto, and all Members of the Organization, of:

(i) each new signature or deposit of an instrument of

ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, together with the date

thereof;

(ii) the date of entry into force of this Protocol;

(iii) the deposit of any instrument of denunciation of this

Protocol together with the date on which it is received and the date on

which the denunciation takes effect;

(iv) the receipt of any declaration or notification made under

this Protocol or under the Convention, concerning this Protocol;

(b) transmit certified true copies of this Protocol to all States

which have signed this Protocol or acceded thereto.

3. As soon as this Protocol enters into force, a certified true copy

thereof shall be transmitted by the Depositary to the Secretary-General of

the United Nations for registration and publication in accordance with

Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.

Article 10

This Protocol is established in a single original in the Arabic,

Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish languages, each text being

equally authentic.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized by their

respective Governments for that purpose, have signed this Protocol.

DONE AT ROME this tenth day of March one thousand nine hundred and

eighty-eight.